Loans & Mortgage
Mortgage Rate Locks: Deadlines, Extensions, and Risks
Mortgage Rate Locks: what to verify, which costs and risks to compare, and which records to keep before deciding.
Independent editorial research
Topics relevant to buying and financing a home.
Loans & Mortgage
Mortgage Rate Locks: what to verify, which costs and risks to compare, and which records to keep before deciding.
Mortgages
Jumbo vs. Conforming Mortgages: what to verify, which costs and risks to compare, and which records to keep before deciding.
Mortgages
Assumable Mortgages: what to verify, which costs and risks to compare, and which records to keep before deciding.
Mortgage Refinancing
Refinancing an FHA Loan Into a Conventional Mortgage: what to verify, which costs and risks to compare, and which records to keep before deciding.
Mortgages
Check the interest charge, principal applied, escrow balance and any fees against your own arithmetic in under five minutes.
Mortgages
Two payments, two interest totals and one cash-flow decision — the exact calculation to run before choosing a term.
Mortgages
The line items that make up closing costs, typical ranges as a share of the loan, and which of them are negotiable.
Mortgages
Which debts count, which do not, and how front-end and back-end ratios are calculated on gross rather than net income.
Mortgages
Annual taxes plus annual insurance divided by twelve, plus the cushion servicers are allowed to hold, and how shortages are recovered.
Mortgages
Compare the remaining cost of your current loan against the total cost of the new one, including closing costs and the reset term.
Mortgages
Divide the cost of the points by the monthly saving to find the month you start profiting — and why your expected time in the home decides the answer.
Mortgages
Index plus margin, capped by the periodic and lifetime caps, then re-amortised over the remaining term — worked as a full example.
Mortgages
LTV in one division, the bands that change your rate, and how combined LTV works when a second lien is involved.
Mortgages
The debt-to-income arithmetic underwriters run, worked with real numbers, and how to convert an affordable payment back into a loan amount.
Mortgages
The method for pricing an overpayment: how much interest it removes, how many months it cuts, and why timing matters more than size.
Mortgages
Add interest, mortgage insurance, escrow and closing costs into a single lifetime figure so two loan offers can be compared honestly.
Mortgages
Work out a monthly PMI charge from the loan-to-value ratio, and the two points at which lenders must cancel it under federal rules.
Mortgages
The single-line calculation servicers use for each month's interest charge, plus how daily-accrual loans differ from monthly-accrual loans.
Mortgages
Why 26 half-payments is not the same as 12 monthly payments, how much term it removes, and how to calculate the saving on your own balance.
Mortgages
Line by line, how a mortgage schedule splits each payment between interest and principal, and how to build one in a spreadsheet in four columns.
Mortgages
Work a full mortgage payment by hand with a basic scientific calculator, then build the first three months of the amortisation schedule to prove the answer is right.
Mortgages
What each input in the monthly mortgage payment formula means, the three mistakes that produce a wrong answer, and how escrow changes the number you actually pay.
Mortgages
A pen-and-paper method for working out principal and interest without a mortgage calculator, including how to check your answer against an amortisation schedule.
Mortgages
M = P × r ÷ (1 − (1 + r)^−n), explained term by term and worked through on a $300,000 loan at 6.5% so you can reproduce a lender's quote yourself.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $750,000 mortgage at 7% over 15 years works out to $6,741.21 a month and $463,418 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $750,000 mortgage at 7% over 30 years works out to $4,989.77 a month and $1,046,317 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $750,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 15 years works out to $6,533.31 a month and $425,995 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $750,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 30 years works out to $4,740.51 a month and $956,584 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $750,000 mortgage at 6% over 15 years works out to $6,328.93 a month and $389,207 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $750,000 mortgage at 6% over 30 years works out to $4,496.63 a month and $868,786 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $750,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 15 years works out to $6,128.13 a month and $353,063 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $750,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 30 years works out to $4,258.42 a month and $783,030 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $750,000 mortgage at 5% over 15 years works out to $5,930.95 a month and $317,571 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $750,000 mortgage at 5% over 30 years works out to $4,026.16 a month and $699,418 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $600,000 mortgage at 7% over 15 years works out to $5,392.97 a month and $370,735 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $600,000 mortgage at 7% over 30 years works out to $3,991.81 a month and $837,053 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $600,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 15 years works out to $5,226.64 a month and $340,796 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $600,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 30 years works out to $3,792.41 a month and $765,267 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $600,000 mortgage at 6% over 15 years works out to $5,063.14 a month and $311,365 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $600,000 mortgage at 6% over 30 years works out to $3,597.30 a month and $695,029 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $600,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 15 years works out to $4,902.50 a month and $282,450 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $600,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 30 years works out to $3,406.73 a month and $626,424 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $600,000 mortgage at 5% over 15 years works out to $4,744.76 a month and $254,057 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $600,000 mortgage at 5% over 30 years works out to $3,220.93 a month and $559,535 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $500,000 mortgage at 7% over 15 years works out to $4,494.14 a month and $308,945 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $500,000 mortgage at 7% over 30 years works out to $3,326.51 a month and $697,544 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $500,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 15 years works out to $4,355.54 a month and $283,997 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $500,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 30 years works out to $3,160.34 a month and $637,722 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $500,000 mortgage at 6% over 15 years works out to $4,219.28 a month and $259,471 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $500,000 mortgage at 6% over 30 years works out to $2,997.75 a month and $579,191 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $500,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 15 years works out to $4,085.42 a month and $235,375 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $500,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 30 years works out to $2,838.95 a month and $522,020 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $500,000 mortgage at 5% over 15 years works out to $3,953.97 a month and $211,714 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $500,000 mortgage at 5% over 30 years works out to $2,684.11 a month and $466,279 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $450,000 mortgage at 7% over 15 years works out to $4,044.73 a month and $278,051 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $450,000 mortgage at 7% over 30 years works out to $2,993.86 a month and $627,790 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $450,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 15 years works out to $3,919.98 a month and $255,597 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $450,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 30 years works out to $2,844.31 a month and $573,950 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $450,000 mortgage at 6% over 15 years works out to $3,797.36 a month and $233,524 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $450,000 mortgage at 6% over 30 years works out to $2,697.98 a month and $521,272 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $450,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 15 years works out to $3,676.88 a month and $211,838 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $450,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 30 years works out to $2,555.05 a month and $469,818 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $450,000 mortgage at 5% over 15 years works out to $3,558.57 a month and $190,543 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $450,000 mortgage at 5% over 30 years works out to $2,415.70 a month and $419,651 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $400,000 mortgage at 7% over 15 years works out to $3,595.31 a month and $247,156 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $400,000 mortgage at 7% over 30 years works out to $2,661.21 a month and $558,036 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $400,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 15 years works out to $3,484.43 a month and $227,197 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $400,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 30 years works out to $2,528.27 a month and $510,178 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $400,000 mortgage at 6% over 15 years works out to $3,375.43 a month and $207,577 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $400,000 mortgage at 6% over 30 years works out to $2,398.20 a month and $463,353 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $400,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 15 years works out to $3,268.33 a month and $188,300 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $400,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 30 years works out to $2,271.16 a month and $417,616 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $400,000 mortgage at 5% over 15 years works out to $3,163.17 a month and $169,371 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $400,000 mortgage at 5% over 30 years works out to $2,147.29 a month and $373,023 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $350,000 mortgage at 7% over 15 years works out to $3,145.90 a month and $216,262 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $350,000 mortgage at 7% over 30 years works out to $2,328.56 a month and $488,281 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $350,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 15 years works out to $3,048.88 a month and $198,798 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $350,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 30 years works out to $2,212.24 a month and $446,406 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $350,000 mortgage at 6% over 15 years works out to $2,953.50 a month and $181,630 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $350,000 mortgage at 6% over 30 years works out to $2,098.43 a month and $405,434 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $350,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 15 years works out to $2,859.79 a month and $164,763 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $350,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 30 years works out to $1,987.26 a month and $365,414 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $350,000 mortgage at 5% over 15 years works out to $2,767.78 a month and $148,200 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $350,000 mortgage at 5% over 30 years works out to $1,878.88 a month and $326,395 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $300,000 mortgage at 7% over 15 years works out to $2,696.48 a month and $185,367 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $300,000 mortgage at 7% over 30 years works out to $1,995.91 a month and $418,527 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $300,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 15 years works out to $2,613.32 a month and $170,398 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $300,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 30 years works out to $1,896.20 a month and $382,633 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $300,000 mortgage at 6% over 15 years works out to $2,531.57 a month and $155,683 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $300,000 mortgage at 6% over 30 years works out to $1,798.65 a month and $347,515 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $300,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 15 years works out to $2,451.25 a month and $141,225 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $300,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 30 years works out to $1,703.37 a month and $313,212 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $300,000 mortgage at 5% over 15 years works out to $2,372.38 a month and $127,029 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $300,000 mortgage at 5% over 30 years works out to $1,610.46 a month and $279,767 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $250,000 mortgage at 7% over 15 years works out to $2,247.07 a month and $154,473 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $250,000 mortgage at 7% over 30 years works out to $1,663.26 a month and $348,772 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $250,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 15 years works out to $2,177.77 a month and $141,998 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $250,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 30 years works out to $1,580.17 a month and $318,861 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $250,000 mortgage at 6% over 15 years works out to $2,109.64 a month and $129,736 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $250,000 mortgage at 6% over 30 years works out to $1,498.88 a month and $289,595 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $250,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 15 years works out to $2,042.71 a month and $117,688 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $250,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 30 years works out to $1,419.47 a month and $261,010 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $250,000 mortgage at 5% over 15 years works out to $1,976.98 a month and $105,857 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $250,000 mortgage at 5% over 30 years works out to $1,342.05 a month and $233,139 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $200,000 mortgage at 7% over 15 years works out to $1,797.66 a month and $123,578 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $200,000 mortgage at 7% over 30 years works out to $1,330.60 a month and $279,018 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $200,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 15 years works out to $1,742.21 a month and $113,599 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $200,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 30 years works out to $1,264.14 a month and $255,089 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $200,000 mortgage at 6% over 15 years works out to $1,687.71 a month and $103,788 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $200,000 mortgage at 6% over 30 years works out to $1,199.10 a month and $231,676 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $200,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 15 years works out to $1,634.17 a month and $94,150 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $200,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 30 years works out to $1,135.58 a month and $208,808 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $200,000 mortgage at 5% over 15 years works out to $1,581.59 a month and $84,686 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $200,000 mortgage at 5% over 30 years works out to $1,073.64 a month and $186,512 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $150,000 mortgage at 7% over 15 years works out to $1,348.24 a month and $92,684 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $150,000 mortgage at 7% over 30 years works out to $997.95 a month and $209,263 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $150,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 15 years works out to $1,306.66 a month and $85,199 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $150,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 30 years works out to $948.10 a month and $191,317 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $150,000 mortgage at 6% over 15 years works out to $1,265.79 a month and $77,841 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $150,000 mortgage at 6% over 30 years works out to $899.33 a month and $173,757 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $150,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 15 years works out to $1,225.63 a month and $70,613 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $150,000 mortgage at 5.5% over 30 years works out to $851.68 a month and $156,606 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $150,000 mortgage at 5% over 15 years works out to $1,186.19 a month and $63,514 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.
Mortgages
Principal and interest on a $150,000 mortgage at 5% over 30 years works out to $805.23 a month and $139,884 of total interest. Full formula, manual working and first-year schedule.

Mortgages
How credit union mortgage maximums are set, why MCU's published limits are the only reliable figure, and what usually caps your loan before the programme limit does.

Home Loans
What preapproval involves, the documents lenders ask for, how long it takes and lasts, and the mistakes that cost people their approval before closing.

Home Loans
How lenders convert your income and debts into a maximum loan, why their limit is not your budget, and a worked affordability example.

Interest Rates
Which sources publish current mortgage rates, why the advertised rate is rarely the rate you get, and how to compare quotes properly using APR.

Loan Calculators
The amortisation formula behind every mortgage payment, worked through step by step, plus the taxes and insurance most calculators leave out.

Mortgages
A reverse mortgage converts home equity into cash without monthly repayments. How the loan grows, what you still owe, and when it becomes due.